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11-August-2001: GPS position analysis
The position information was gathered over several hours on 11-Aug-2001 with portable Garmin Mark-III GPS equipment, which in theory gives presently slightly better position than about 10 meters.
We are fairly sure that there are position errors to varying directions (like GPS has a habit of doing) because satellite geometry varied, and also because in the forest the receivability of satellites varied.
Future cartography will aim at improving position accuracy, and to provide accurately known reference points within the area.
We have also defined a "Artjärvi ViestiKallio orthogonal P/I coordinate system" (AVK-P/I), which is meters to north (P = pohjoinen = north), and east (I = itä = east) of semi-arbitrarily chosen reference point. The point was chosen so that the coordinate axles fit nicely into the drafting sheet that was used for this picture. ;-) The coordinate system is identical with the local orthogonal KKJ P/I grid.
Definition of this "AVK-P/I" coordinate system can be changed any time to suit some momentary mapping needs. (And indeed it has been changed!)
The corner points of the real-estate as they are in the Finnish National Land Survey databases are listed at the table below.
The Finnish National Grid "KKJ" is explained at this Finnish National Land Survey document.
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The rows are:
- Point number
- a: Mapping measurement (in meters)
- b: Mapping measurement (in meters)
- XP: KKJ P coordinate (in meters)
- YI: KKJ I coordinate (in meters)
- Z[N60]: KKJ altitude (in meters, in national N60 system)
- XP - P0: "AVK-P/I coordinate, P component"
- XI - I0: "AVK-P/I coordinate, I component"
- Delta-P: The P-coordinate difference of point, and its successor
- Delta-I: The I-coordinate difference of point, and its successor
- Delta-Z: The Z-coordinate difference of point, and its successor
- Dist: Linear distance in between two points in real-estate measurement documentation
- Dist-PI: Pythagoric distance between two points in P-I-plane
- Dist-PIZ: Pythagoric distance between two points in P-I-Z-space
- GPS nav Lat (N): Latitude determined with GPS, in WGS84 system
- GPS nav Long (E): Longitude determined with GPS, in WGS84 system
- WGS84 Latitude (N): calculated with KKJ->WGS84 conversion tool
- WGS84 Longitude (E): calculated with KKJ->WGS84 conversion tool
Surveying position data accuracy class is 0.25 meters. GPS accuracy class is about 4-6 meters.
On 26-Aug-2001 a new set of positions was gathered with the portable GPS navigator. These positions were observed to be about 25 meters north, and 10-15 meters east from 11-Aug-2001 positions. (Couple unknown positions, and for reference, couple known positions.) This in time when the Selective Availability is no longer in force.
| Point number |
1 |
1' |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
| a |
+6.6 |
+6.6 |
-56.8 |
0.0 |
+200.7 |
+200.7 |
+95.3 |
| b |
+109.2 |
+109.2 |
+86.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
+100.0 |
+68.6 |
| XP |
6736334.0 |
6736334.0 |
6736295.1 |
6736226.7 |
6736285.7 |
6736381.6 |
6736320.4 |
| YI |
3457256.3 |
3457266.3 |
3457320.0 |
3457243.6 |
3457049.2 |
3457077.6 |
3457168.7 |
| Z[N60] |
86.4 |
86.4 |
79.8 |
83.2 |
74.6 |
78.5 |
86.7 |
XP - 6736200.0 |
134.0 |
---.- |
95.1 |
26.7 |
85.7 |
181.6 |
120.4 |
YI - 3457040.0 |
216.3 |
---.- |
280.0 |
203.6 |
9.2 |
37.6 |
128.7 |
| Delta-P[N,N+1] |
38.9 |
--.- |
68.4 |
- 59.0 |
- 95.9 |
61.2 |
- 13.6 |
| Delta-I[N,N+1] |
- 63.7 |
--.- |
76.4 |
194.4 |
28.4 |
- 91.1 |
- 87.6 |
| Delta-Z[N,N+1] |
6.6 |
-.- |
- 3.4 |
8.6 |
- 3.9 |
- 8.2 |
0.3 |
| Dist[N,N+1] |
67.5 |
--.- |
103.0 |
200.7 |
100.0 |
110.0 |
97.5 |
| Dist-PI[N,N+1] |
74.6 |
--.- |
102.5 |
203.2 |
100.0 |
109.7 |
88.6 |
| Dist-PIZ[N,N+1] |
74.9 |
--.- |
102.6 |
203.6 |
100.1 |
110.1 |
88.6 |
GPS nav Latitude (N) |
60° 44.___' |
60° 44.___' |
60° 44.069' |
60° 44.028' |
60° 44.___' |
60° 44.114' |
60° 44.080' |
GPS nav Longitude (E) |
26° 12.___' |
26° 12.___' |
26° 12.875' |
26° 12.789' |
26° 12.___' |
26° 12.609' |
26° 12.698' |
WGS84 Latitude (N) |
60°44.0891__' |
60°44.089346' |
60°44.068748' |
60°44.031426' |
60°44.061935' |
60°44.113755' |
60°44.081393' |
WGS84 Longitude (E) |
26°12.8053__' |
26°12.816556' |
26°12.876118' |
26°12.793009' |
26°12.578464' |
26°12.608425' |
26°12.709412' |
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On Latitude (P-coordinate) 0.0001 arc-minutes corresponds to 0.185 meters. 0.01 arc-seconds corresponds to 0.30 meters. Longitudal correspondence of angle to linear measure varies by factor of "cos(Latitude)"
Distances around map-point number 1 are seriously distorted, which means that the documentation we have is inconsistent with itself. The map is drawn with boundary coordinate points, and point 1' is drawn with distances from points 2 and 6.
Real-estate boundary marker 1 was in reality found from point 1', and it is quite precisely 10 meters east from what the database contains. Probably entry-error when recording into the database..
Positions other than boundaries are measured with handheld GPS along with its inaccuracies, and have been adapted into the area.
Update on 9-Oct-2001:
Aerographic pictures did yield information that buildings, and the road were a bit too far north in relation to the borders. (Locating border points from the picture is also possibly wrong..)
viestikallio-kartta.PDF
Update on 27-January-2002:
An attemt at overlaying map drawing on aerographic picture:
Into the map has been (in magenta) drawn possible tunnels and excavations for large rooms. From highway level to the top of the rock there is about 25-30 meters.
viestikallio-kartta-pic2.PDF
Same east-west direction cut presenting vertical space. Each excavation cross-section is about 10x8 meters, and with floor area of 10x30 meters.
viestikallio-kartta-pic5.PDF
Update on 14-March-2002:
Ortokorjausta, peruskartta-aineistoa ja korkeuskäyriä:
Viestikallio topographic mapping:
With only the altitude isographs: small,
large,
PDF,
xfig
With aerial photo in the background:
small,
large,
PDF,
xfig
+gif
With aerial photo + the great pumpking + new road:
small,
large,
PDF,
xfig
+gif
With aerial photo + the great pumpking + new road, steep parts of current road highlighted:
small,
large,
PDF,
xfig,
+gif,
road steepness data
KKJ Reference Locations
Near by high-precission KKJ reference locations in overall map:
For points marked with red the actual point descriptions have been bought from the National Land Survey of Finland. Those descriptions are not re-publishable at this media.
Point 58M331 is visible to Viestikallio summit/south hillside.
Point 92M1005 is not directly visible to Viestikallio.
Reference position accuracy in KKJ P/I/Z coordinates is better, than about 30 mm.
Theodolite measurements at the plot, and near by
Matti Aarnio <matti.aarnio@zmailer.org>; OH2MQK
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